Lack of energy, itching, and diarrhea are some of the most well-known side effects of cancer immunotherapy, but the aftermath can also impact your sex life. Learn more!
Immunotherapy is a modern and efficient treatment in the fight against cancer. While it stimulates the immune system to recognize cancer cells, there are side effects of cancer immunotherapy that can range from mild to more severe and affect the patient’s overall health.
This treatment attacks cancer cells differently from other therapies such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Even though it offers hope, immunotherapy for cancer can also cause adverse effects because the immune system, once activated, may attack healthy tissues in the body.
That can lead to dermatological, gastrointestinal, hepatic, endocrine, and even sexual symptoms. Still, understanding how this process works is essential to navigate the side effects of cancer immunotherapy while maintaining good quality of life during treatment.
Keep reading to learn what immunotherapy is and how to deal with the main side effects of cancer immunotherapy, preserving a good quality of life throughout the process.
Side Effects of Cancer Immunotherapy
The side effects of immunotherapy for cancer are the result of excessive immune system activation. Depending on the individual, the treatment can affect different parts of the body, such as the skin, the gastrointestinal system, the liver, hormonal glands, and even sexual function. Check out the most common reactions:
Dermatological
Skin problems are common and can include itching, dryness, redness, and rashes. Some patients may experience more severe inflammations, such as dermatitis.
These symptoms can significantly affect daily comfort and cause emotional impact, especially in more visible cases.
Using moisturizers, applying sunscreen, and following medical advice are effective ways to alleviate these problems. In more serious situations, topical or oral medications might be needed to protect the skin and control symptoms.
Gastrointestinal
Symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain are frequent side effects and may hinder both eating and hydration, compromising overall well-being. If untreated, these symptoms can lead to weight loss and even dehydration, so caution is needed.
Maintaining a light diet, avoiding foods that irritate the stomach, and drinking plenty of fluids are important strategies. In addition, medications such as antiemetics and antidiarrheals can be used as prescribed by a doctor. In more severe cases, hospital support for rehydration and proper nutrition may be required.
Hepatic
Immunotherapy can cause liver inflammation, a condition known as immune-mediated hepatitis. This inflammation can occur silently, without obvious symptoms, or manifest with signs like extreme fatigue and abdominal discomfort.
Regular blood tests are very important to detect early changes in liver function and ensure safe treatment continuity.
If identified, the inflammation can be managed with medications such as corticosteroids, which help protect the liver and prevent more serious complications.
Endocrine
Hormonal changes, such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, may arise during immunotherapy.
These conditions can cause excessive tiredness, sudden weight changes, mood swings, and even difficulty coping with daily activities. In some cases, patients may develop adrenal insufficiency or diabetes, requiring specific treatments like hormone replacement or insulin management.
Consulting an endocrinologist regularly is crucial to adjust the treatment and maintain hormonal balance throughout immunotherapy.
Sexual
Issues such as reduced sexual desire and erectile dysfunction may arise as a result of the treatment’s impact on the body. These effects can create sexual problems and also affect relationships. However, it is possible to overcome these side effects of cancer immunotherapy.
Men facing erectile dysfunction have options such as treatments to restore penile rigidity with medications or injections, as well as penile prosthesis implantation. For low libido, testosterone replacement is possible. In both cases, seeking psychological support to regain self-esteem and confidence is also recommended, along with lifestyle changes.
During immunotherapy treatment, it is essential to remember that sexual health is an important part of quality of life, and sexual relations should not be neglected.
How to Manage the Side Effects of Cancer Immunotherapy?
Treatment for these side effects should be tailored to each person and each symptom. Some measures that can help reduce most symptoms and improve quality of life include:
- Drinking plenty of water: staying hydrated is essential to avoid dehydration, especially in cases of diarrhea or vomiting.
- Taking care of the skin: using moisturizers and sunscreen helps prevent more serious skin issues.
- Respecting your body’s limits: resting and ensuring good nights of sleep are essential for dealing with fatigue.
- Seeking specialized help: working with professionals such as nutritionists or psychologists can help face the challenges of treatment.
Medical Follow-Up Is Essential During Immunotherapy
Having regular appointments with the medical team is indispensable for the success of the treatment, as well as for moderating the side effects of cancer immunotherapy.
Close follow-up allows the early detection of possible side effects, adjusting the medication dosage or changing the strategy if necessary. For this reason, the patient should maintain open communication with the doctor and clarify all concerns.
Warning Signs That Require Immediate Medical Attention
Certain symptoms indicate the need for prompt care, including:
- Persistently high fever
- Severe abdominal or chest pain
- Difficulty breathing
- Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
- Severe diarrhea leading to dehydration
In these cases, it is necessary to consult a doctor immediately to avoid complications.
Although the side effects of cancer immunotherapy can be impactful—even during intimate moments—this treatment is still recommended in many cases, with good success rates. With specific care and medical support, many people can reduce symptoms, maintain quality of life, and gradually return to various activities after treatment.
If you feel you need specialized support to address sexual health concerns after treatment, seek a trusted professional. Dr. Paulo Egydio can advise you on the most appropriate options for your case.
*This content is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Each case must be evaluated individually, according to the patient’s needs.
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