The function of the prostate is to produce the fluid that protects and nourishes the sperm cells in the semen, being essential for sexual and reproductive health. Learn more.
Many questions arise about what is the function of the prostate and the problems that can affect it, as this gland is related to male fertility and sexual life.
In addition, understanding how to prevent and treat conditions affecting the prostate is crucial to maintaining quality of life, especially as one ages, when prostate problems become more frequent. Keep reading!
Get to know the male prostate
First, it’s important to understand what the prostate is. It is a small gland that is part of the male reproductive system, located just below the bladder and in front of the rectum.
The gland produces a fluid that makes up about 30% of semen, being essential for the nourishment of sperm cells and, consequently, for fertilization.
What is the function of the prostate in men?
Due to the fluid that the prostate produces to protect and nourish sperm, it plays a significant role in male fertility, increasing the survival chances of the reproductive cell on its way to the egg.
Prostatic fluid is also crucial for sperm motility, which facilitates the fertilization process. This fluid, along with other secretions from the seminal glands, contributes to the formation of semen.
Although it does not have a direct relationship with erectile function, prostate health can influence a man’s sexual quality of life. Changes in the gland and necessary treatments can favor erectile dysfunction, for instance.
What is the size of the prostate?
The size of the prostate varies throughout life.
In young men, the prostate is about the size of a walnut and weighs about 20 grams. As men age, it tends to increase in size – in some cases, it can grow up to five times its original mass, which may require medical evaluation.
What causes the prostate to enlarge?
The enlargement of the prostate can occur due to various factors, but it is primarily associated with aging, particularly after the age of 50.
Older men are more likely to develop benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and hormonal changes, which lower testosterone levels and increase relative estrogen levels.
Main prostate problems
The most common problems that affect the prostate and can significantly impact men’s quality of life are:
- Prostate cancer
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- Prostatitis
Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer occurs due to the uncontrolled multiplication of cells in the gland, forming a malignant tumor.
Causes of prostate cancer include genetic factors, advanced age, and family history. Symptoms include difficulty urinating, blood in the urine or semen, and bone pain in advanced cases.
The treatment for this condition depends on the stage of the disease. It may involve surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy, with a good chance of cure when diagnosed early. However, surgery can cause erectile dysfunction as a side effect, which may require further treatment.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is characterized by the non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate and is very common in older men.
Although not alarming, BPH can cause annoying symptoms such as frequent urination, especially at night, and difficulty completely emptying the bladder.
Treatment is usually done with medications to reduce the prostate’s size. More severe cases may require surgery to relieve urethral obstruction.
Prostatitis
Prostatitis is the inflammation of the prostate, which can be caused by bacterial infections or other factors such as stress or injury.
Symptoms include pelvic pain, pain when urinating, and fever.
Treatment depends on the cause. In cases of infections, antibiotics may be used. Doctors may also recommend approaches to relieve pain and discomfort.
When to seek medical help
It is important to seek medical help if you notice symptoms that may indicate prostate problems, such as:
- Difficulty urinating
- Pelvic pain
- Blood in the urine
- Changes in sexual function
Regular consultations with a urologist are also essential for prevention and early diagnosis, especially for men over 50.
How is the diagnosis made
The diagnosis of prostate problems involves physical exams, such as the digital rectal exam, which evaluates the size, texture, and any abnormalities in the prostate.
Laboratory tests, such as the PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) test, also help identify changes in the prostate.
If cancer is suspected, a biopsy may be requested to confirm the presence of malignant cells.
How to prevent prostate complications
To prevent prostate complications, it is ideal to maintain a healthy lifestyle. This goes beyond having a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding excessive alcohol and tobacco consumption: it’s important to undergo preventive exams for the early diagnosis of conditions such as prostate cancer.
In cases of total prostate removal, what happens to men?
After prostate removal, a man can lead a normal life, with some changes and risks:
- No ejaculation, but a man can still have orgasms
- Erectile dysfunction may occur
- Urinary incontinence may occur
Total prostate removal, known as radical prostatectomy, may be necessary in cases of advanced cancer. Surgeries have been aimed at reducing side effects, and if they occur, they can be treated.
Can erectile dysfunction caused by prostate removal be treated?
Yes, erectile dysfunction caused by prostate removal can be treated. Medicinal or injectable treatments are possible, but in most cases, they are not adequate for the patient to regain good penetrative function.
Surgery to place a penile implant may then be recommended as it will provide a more satisfying solution, giving the penis the necessary firmness for penetration.
Can you live without a prostate?
Yes, you can live without a prostate. Although removing the gland may have some impact on a man’s life, health can be restored, and quality of life can be maintained with appropriate treatment of symptoms and adaptation to changes in the reproductive system.
Understanding the function of the prostate involves many aspects of male health, and being aware of problems like benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, and prostatitis is essential, especially as we age.
Prevention and prostate treatment of any kind must involve medical attention and information. Follow Dr. Paulo Egydio on TikTok and Kwai. Take care of the gland and your sexual health!
