Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are spread through unprotected sexual contact and can affect a man’s overall health. Learn how to stay protected!
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are diseases passed from one person to another mainly through unprotected sexual contact. Any sexually active man can be affected, regardless of age or sexual orientation. That’s why you must not neglect sexual health!
Lack of information and the absence of treatment can lead to serious consequences, such as infertility, prostate inflammation, and even more severe complications like damage to the nervous system.
Fortunately, these diseases can be prevented with simple measures, such as using condoms and having regular exams for early diagnosis. Learn more below:
What Are Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)?
STIs are diseases caused by different types of microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, and protozoa. They are mainly transmitted through unprotected sexual contact.
Some of these infections can be treated and cured easily, while others, such as HIV, can be controlled but not completely eliminated from the body.
Previously, these diseases were called STDs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases), but the name was changed to Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) to highlight that a person can be infected even without showing symptoms.
Main STIs and How to Identify Them
Among the most common STI symptoms in men, the following stand out:
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a sexually transmitted infection that compromises the immune system, requiring continuous medical monitoring and making the body more vulnerable to infections. Without treatment, HIV can progress to AIDS, at which point the body can no longer fight off severe infections.
Transmission occurs through contact with contaminated bodily fluids such as blood, semen, and vaginal secretions. Early symptoms can include fever, fatigue, and sore throat, similar to a cold. Treatment can improve quality of life, but results vary from patient to patient.
HPV
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common STIs and is characterized by genital warts. There are several types of this virus, and some are associated with cancers of the penis, anus, and throat.
Although transmission occurs through direct contact with infected skin or mucous membranes, the patient does not always have visible warts, and in many cases, the infection is asymptomatic.
Vaccination against HPV, which is already part of the public health schedule for boys and girls, is an effective prevention method. Those who have already contracted the virus should undergo regular exams to detect possible complications.
Genital Herpes
Caused by Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2), this infection leads to small, painful blisters in the genital area.
The virus remains in the body and can be reactivated during times of stress or low immunity. During outbreaks, transmission is more likely.
Although there is no cure, antiviral medications can help reduce the frequency and severity of symptoms, along with maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Syphilis
Syphilis is a bacterial infection caused by the agent Treponema pallidum. This bacterium is highly infectious and is transmitted primarily through unprotected sexual contact with infected lesions.
If untreated, the infection progresses in three stages and can become latent. In the first stage, a single, usually painless sore appears in the genital area and goes away on its own. In the second stage, skin rashes, fever, and muscle aches may occur. If still untreated, syphilis can enter a latent phase and, in some cases, progress to late complications, which can affect the nervous system.
Early diagnosis is essential, as syphilis is treated with antibiotics like benzathine penicillin, which is highly effective.
Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
Chlamydia and gonorrhea are sexually transmitted bacterial infections that mainly affect the urinary and reproductive tracts. They are caused by different bacteria: chlamydia by Chlamydia trachomatis and gonorrhea by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (also known as gonococcus).
Their symptoms are similar and may include burning during urination, whitish or yellowish discharge, and testicular pain. In some cases, there are no symptoms, but if left untreated, the infection can lead to infertility.
Treatment consists of antibiotics, and regular testing is recommended for sexually active men, especially when there is unprotected sexual contact.
Trichomoniasis
Caused by a protozoan called Trichomonas vaginalis, this infection may show few or no symptoms in men, making it easy to spread without the carrier’s knowledge. It can also cause abnormal discharge, irritation of the penis, and pain during urination.
Treatment is simple and effective, using antiparasitic medications. Although trichomoniasis is not considered a severe STI, if left untreated, it can increase the risk of contracting other infections such as HIV due to inflammation in the genital area.
How Are STIs Transmitted?
Sexual transmission is the main form of spreading STIs.
It’s important to remember that this does not only mean penetration: it includes vaginal, oral, or anal sex performed without protection.
In addition, some STIs can be transmitted through contact with contaminated blood (sharing needles or sharp objects) or bodily secretions.
STI Diagnosis: Exams and Consultations
STIs can only be diagnosed by a health professional. Therefore, men who have symptoms, suspect an infection, or have multiple sexual partners should seek medical assistance and undergo the recommended tests.
STI tests include blood work, discharge analysis, and specific tests for each infection.
Additionally, regular medical check-ups are crucial for maintaining any man’s sexual health.
Treatments for STIs
Treatment for infections depends on the type of pathogen. Generally:
- Bacterial infections such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia are treated with antibiotics.
- Viral infections like HIV, herpes, and HPV have no definitive cure but can be controlled with specific medical treatments.
- Trichomoniasis is treated with antiparasitic drugs.
It is very important to follow medical advice correctly and complete the treatment for the recommended duration to avoid relapse or transmitting the infection to others.
How to Prevent STIs
Preventing sexually transmitted infections is the best way to avoid complications. The following precautions are essential:
- Use condoms during every sexual encounter;
- Have regular exams, especially if you have multiple partners;
- Keep your vaccination schedule up to date, especially for HPV and hepatitis B;
- Do not share sharp objects like razors and needles;
- Maintain good intimate hygiene;
- Discuss sexual health openly with your partners.
The Importance of Routine STI Tests
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) can often be prevented with simple precautions, but men should have routine exams for prevention, early diagnosis, and proper treatment.
Many STIs can remain asymptomatic for long periods, meaning a person can be infected and spread the disease without knowing it. Regular tests help identify this risk and possible complications.
Testing is especially important for men with multiple partners, those who have had unprotected sex, or anyone showing suspicious symptoms. In Brazil, public healthcare offers free testing, making diagnosis more accessible.
Always pay attention to your body’s signals and seek medical advice whenever you notice anything unusual in yourself or your sexual partners.
Knowledge, prevention, and medical follow-up are the best ways to protect yourself from STIs. So, join the Dr. Paulo Egydio WhatsApp channel to receive tips for self-care and a fulfilling sex life.
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