Hydrochlorothiazide Causes Erectile Dysfunction? Learn How the Medication Can Affect Male Erection and What Alternatives Exist to Avoid This Side Effect.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic commonly prescribed for the treatment of high blood pressure and conditions related to fluid retention. However, concerns have arisen about whether this medication may be associated with erection problems in men who use it.
After all, does hydrochlorothiazide cause erectile dysfunction? In this article, we will explore the current scientific evidence to determine if there is a relationship between the use of this diuretic and difficulty in achieving and maintaining an erection.
It’s important to understand the potential risks and benefits of this medication, as well as consider alternatives if a significant association with erectile dysfunction is observed.
What is Hydrochlorothiazide Used For?
The medication is widely used in the treatment of high blood pressure and conditions related to fluid retention. Its primary function is to increase the excretion of water and electrolytes by the kidneys, resulting in a reduction of blood volume and, consequently, blood pressure.
It acts by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium in the renal tubules, promoting the elimination of water along with sodium through urine.
This diuretic action contributes to the reduction of plasma volume and, therefore, reduces the load on the cardiovascular system, which is beneficial in controlling blood pressure.
Besides its antihypertensive effect, the diuretic capability of hydrochlorothiazide makes it effective in reducing edema associated with various conditions, such as heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome.
Does Hydrochlorothiazide Cause Erectile Dysfunction?
Although the drug is generally well-tolerated, some hypertensive patients may report side effects, including erectile dysfunction (ED) as a possible adverse effect of hydrochlorothiazide.
A study conducted by students at the University of Ribeirão Preto (Unaerp), in Guarujá, and published in the Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Medicine of Campos revealed some hypotheses that the use of the medication may contribute to the development of the problem by inducing arterial calcification, reducing testosterone levels and increasing the contractility of the corpus cavernosum. This would result in changes in intracellular calcium levels.
Furthermore, the reduction in zinc levels, resulting from the use of the medication, may favor oxidative stress, leading to a decrease in male hormone levels and the availability of nitric oxide, essential factors in the erection process.
High blood pressure is a global problem affecting millions of people. In Brazil alone, over 50 million people over the age of 30 live with the problem, being a recognized cardiovascular risk factor that compromises vascular health and increases the risk of erectile dysfunction.
Medications used in the treatment of hypertension, such as beta-blockers, aldosterone inhibitors, and thiazide diuretics, are associated with sexual side effects, including the ability to achieve and maintain an erection.
Thus, hypertensive patients, especially those with sexual complaints, require special attention to prevent the development of this problem. However, there are options for medications that may cause less impact on erectile function.
However, the decision on which drug to use should be made jointly with doctors, whether cardiologists or andrologists, for a personalized and careful approach.
Side Effects of the Medication
Hydrochlorothiazide affects various areas of the body, and its adverse reactions can include:
- Classes of organ systems;
- Blood and lymphatic system disorders;
- Metabolism and nutritional disorders;
- Nervous system disorders;
- Ocular disorders;
- Cardiac, vascular, and respiratory issues;
- Thoracic and mediastinal disorders;
- Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary problems;
- Skin reactions;
- Musculoskeletal dysfunctions;
- Renal and urinary issues.
Regarding organ systems, the medication has potential influence on neoplasms, both benign and malignant, including cysts and polyps. However, the relationship with non-melanoma skin cancer is not completely understood.
Blood and lymphatic disorders are also a consideration, with potential occurrence of blood dyscrasias such as leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, among others.
In the metabolic aspect, disorders such as decreased appetite and various nutritional imbalances are present.
The medication can also impact the nervous system, causing syncope, headache, dizziness, and confusional state. Moreover, effects on ocular, cardiac, and vascular organs may arise, such as choroidal effusion, glaucoma, acute myopia, bradycardia, and postural hypotension.
In the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, and pancreatitis are possible effects.
Other areas of the body, such as the liver, skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles, and joints, and the renal and urinary organs, are also affected, potentially manifesting disorders like jaundice, cholecystitis, photosensitivity reactions, skin rashes, muscle weakness, and glycosuria.
In general conditions, thirst and fatigue may arise at high doses, resulting from excessive diuresis.
Individual Factors
Does Hydrochlorothiazide cause erectile dysfunction? The side effects of hydrochlorothiazide can show significant variations from person to person, being influenced by a range of individual factors. The age of an individual is one of these determinants, as different age groups may exhibit different responses to the effects of the medication.
For example, older adults may be more susceptible to certain adverse reactions due to physiological changes associated with aging.
Pre-existing health conditions also play a crucial role in the manifestation of side effects. Patients with a history of cardiac, renal, hepatic, or other disorders may experience adverse reactions more pronouncedly or frequently.
The dosage of hydrochlorothiazide is another determinant in individual reactions. Higher doses may increase the likelihood of side effects, while lower doses may minimize these occurrences.
Careful administration of the medication, considering the individuality of the patient, is necessary to optimize therapeutic benefits and mitigate associated risks.
Thus, when prescribing or using hydrochlorothiazide, these individual factors should be considered, adapting the treatment approach according to age, pre-existing health conditions, and the appropriate dosage for each patient.
This personalized approach contributes to the effectiveness of the treatment, reducing the risks of unwanted side effects.
Hydrochlorothiazide and Erectile Dysfunction: 6 Alternatives and Prevention
When hypertension presents mildly, with systolic blood pressure between 9 and 10, the initial approach does not involve the use of medications but rather changes in lifestyle habits.
It is recommended to adopt practices such as reducing salt intake, eliminating tobacco and alcohol, engaging in regular physical exercise, and managing stress and body weight.
A study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, discussing whether hydrochlorothiazide causes erectile dysfunction, highlighted that a combination of a low-salt diet with the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet resulted in a significant decrease in blood pressure.
The DASH diet prioritizes foods rich in proteins, fibers, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, such as berries, vegetables, greens (especially broccoli), nuts like Brazil nuts, lean meats, and yogurt.
It is advisable to avoid processed foods, sugar, and excess salt, as these can increase the risk of elevated blood pressure.
Incorporating aerobic activities, like running or swimming, is another important measure. Besides relaxing blood vessels, these exercises promote weight loss, contributing to the reduction of blood pressure.
Adequate sleep and stress management are also essential strategies, as they directly affect the production of hormones responsible for circulatory control during deep sleep phases.
If lifestyle changes do not effectively control the pressure, medicinal intervention becomes necessary to relax the blood vessels.
However, even under medication, maintaining a healthy lifestyle continues to be fundamental to prevent blood pressure from exceeding normal values.
Additionally, diuretic teas, such as horsetail, carqueja, rosemary, garlic, bay leaf, and green tea, can be used to eliminate excess sodium from the body.
Incorporating vegetables rich in magnesium, potassium, and calcium, with anti-inflammatory properties, into juices and smoothies is also a beneficial measure for those looking to control hypertension.
Take Care of Your Sexual Health!
If you are facing the issue of erectile dysfunction while taking hydrochlorothiazide, it’s important to understand the possible links between the medication and this side effect. As shown, some patients may experience impacts on erectile function due to the effects of the diuretic.
Consulting a healthcare professional is crucial in these cases. Communicate any concerns or symptoms with a urologist for evaluation and personalized guidance.
Dr. Paulo Egydio is available to provide guidance on the subject. Schedule a consultation and discover the options available to preserve your health and well-being.
