Colorectal cancer can be treated more successfully when diagnosed in its early stages, which helps preserve quality of life, including sexual health. Learn more about the disease.
One of the most common types of cancer worldwide, colorectal cancer can be cured, especially when detected early. When treated at an early stage, therapies are more effective and less invasive, reducing side effects like erectile dysfunction.
This cancer is a type of malignant neoplasm that affects the digestive system, specifically the colon, rectum, or both. It often develops from colorectal polyps, small abnormal formations that grow on the inner wall of the large intestine and rectum. Over time, these polyps can evolve into a malignant tumor.
The number of cases has been increasing over the years. In Brazil, the National Cancer Institute (INCA) estimates 21,970 new cases among men annually between 2023 and 2025. Additionally, a report by the American Cancer Society warns of the growing detection of this disease in patients under 55 years old.
Given this concerning scenario, keep reading to discover the symptoms, learn whether colorectal cancer has a cure, and find out how to prevent it.
Signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer
The signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer can vary depending on the location and stage of the disease. However, some symptoms are more common and deserve attention, such as:
- Blood in the stool
- Persistent intestinal changes (diarrhea or constipation)
- Abdominal pain or discomfort
- Unexplained weight loss
- Constant fatigue
Risk factors
The main risk factors are related to behavior, genetic or hereditary conditions, or environmental exposure, such as:
- Advanced age
- Family history of colon and rectal cancer
- Low intake of fiber, fruits, vegetables, and lean meats
- Obesity
- Physical inactivity
- Smoking
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Radiation exposure
How to know if I have colorectal cancer?
The diagnosis is made through clinical, laboratory, and imaging exams. Even without symptoms, men can undergo preventive tests regularly if requested by their doctor.
Colonoscopy is the most effective method to detect colorectal polyps and early tumors. Additionally, fecal occult blood tests are used as screening methods.
How to know if colorectal cancer is advanced?
More severe symptoms, such as intestinal obstruction, heavy bleeding, or metastasis to other organs, may indicate advanced cases.
The progression of colorectal cancer is generally slow, but once diagnosed, progression to more severe stages can accelerate without proper treatment.
Imaging tests like CT scans and MRIs help determine the extent of the disease and whether it has spread to other organs.
Treatment options for colorectal cancer
The treatment for intestinal cancer varies depending on the stage of the disease. Each treatment is individualized, taking into account the patient’s overall health conditions.
In early stages, surgery is the primary approach to remove the tumor and polyps in the intestine.
In intermediate stages, a combination of surgery with chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be necessary to eliminate remaining cancer cells and prevent recurrence.
In advanced cases, immunotherapy may be used to stimulate the immune system to combat cancer more effectively.
How long does colorectal cancer take to progress?
The progression time of colorectal cancer can vary depending on factors like the type of disease and the presence of polyps. On average, it takes 8 to 10 years for a benign polyp to evolve into a malignant tumor.
Therefore, regular screenings like colonoscopy every 5 years are recommended to detect and remove polyps before they become cancerous.
Cure rates and prognosis
Colorectal cancer has a high cure rate, especially when diagnosed and treated early. Treatment success rates are significantly higher in early stages, reaching up to 90%, depending on factors like the patient’s general health and the therapeutic approach taken.
Life expectancy depends on the stage of cancer at diagnosis. In early stages, survival rates are high. In advanced stages, the prognosis tends to be more conservative.
In 2020, according to INCA, Brazil recorded 9,889 deaths among men due to the disease.
Quality of life during and after treatment
Maintaining a good quality of life during and after treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach.
It is essential to adopt a balanced diet rich in fiber and nutrients to help the body recover and to engage in physical activity.
The use of a colostomy bag, required for some patients (and not always permanent), requires specific care such as cleaning, changing, and emptying.
Additionally, sexual dysfunctions after treatment are a common concern, and despite a lack of conclusive evidence, they must be considered.
A review published in the Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology found a study showing that total mesorectal surgery affected erection and ejaculation. On the other hand, other studies found less impact of treatments on erection and ejaculation.
In any case, sexual problems can also be treated concurrently. When medications or injections are ineffective, a urologist may evaluate the need for other therapeutic approaches, such as a penile prosthesis, if indicated.
Can colorectal cancer be prevented?
Prevention is possible. It includes avoiding risk factors by maintaining healthy habits, such as a fiber-rich diet, regular exercise, avoiding excessive tobacco and alcohol use, and undergoing preventive screenings as determined by your doctor.
Importance of early detection and screening
Colorectal cancer can be treated more effectively when diagnosed early, increasing the chances of success.
Regular screenings, recommended especially for people over 50 or with a family history of the disease, should be done according to the doctor’s guidance.
Men showing any symptoms should seek medical help quickly to prevent the disease from progressing.
Colorectal cancer has a cure when detected early. Awareness of symptoms, risk factors, and the importance of regular screenings is crucial for early diagnosis and successful treatment.
It is important to be aware of possible treatment-related side effects and seek medical support to manage them properly.
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